Holdet 2i MathAnHL (2025/26) - Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Stamoplysninger til brug ved prøver til gymnasiale uddannelser
Termin(er) 2024/25 - 2025/26
Institution X - Ikast-Brande Gymnasium
Fag og niveau Matematik -
Lærer(e) Laura Martí Perez
Hold 2024 MathAnHL (1i MathAnHL, 2i MathAnHL)

Oversigt over gennemførte undervisningsforløb
Titel 1 Complex numbers
Titel 2 Algebra, part 1
Titel 3 Geometry, part 1
Titel 4 Functions, part 1
Titel 5 Probability, Part 1
Titel 6 Counting and Proof
Titel 7 Back to functions
Titel 8 Statistics
Titel 9 Functions, part 3: Exponential and logarithmic
Titel 10 Vectors, part 1.
Titel 11 Vectors, Part 2
Titel 12 Polynomials
Titel 13 Differential Calculus

Beskrivelse af de enkelte undervisningsforløb (1 skema for hvert forløb)
Titel 1 Complex numbers

Topics covered

Chapter 4, book 2
Complex numbers, the sum of two squares factorisation, algebraic structure, equality, complex conjugates

Chapter 8, book 1
The unit circle, radian measure, multiples of pi/6 and pi/4.

Chapter 11, book 2
The complex plane, modulus and argument
Polar form, De Moivre's theorem, roots of complex numbers

Concepts:
Equivalence (of complex numbers)
Generalization (from real numbers to complex numbers)
Patterns (polygons formed by the n-roots of a complex number)
Representations (of complex numbers on the Argand plane)



Learning objectives:
By the end of the unit, the students will be able to:

do algebraic operations with complex numbers in standard form
factorise quadratics with real coefficients and complex roots

represent angles on the unit circle
work with angles measured on radians
deduce the values of the trigonometric ratios for multiples of pi/6 and pi/4

find the modulus and argument of a complex number given in standard form
represent complex numbers on the Argand plane
convert complex numbers between standard and polar form
do algebraic operations with complex numbers in polar form
find the n-roots of a complex number

TOK links:
is math discovered or invented? (is it surprising that C is algebraically closed (we add to R the roots of x^2+1=0, and by doing so, we add the roots of all quadratics with real coefficients) or that the roots of a complex number form a regular polygon?)

ATL links:
focus on good mathematical communication (this is a hard topic, and totally new for most students) and self management (weekly assignments)

Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 1, at home 20-08-2024
Assignment 2, in class 28-08-2024
Omfang Estimeret: 11,00 moduler
Dækker over: 11 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 2 Algebra, part 1

Topics covered:
Ch. 1, Book 1: Lines (lines, perpendicular bisectors, systems of equations)
Ch. 11, Book 2: Systems of equations (row operations, 2x2 systems, 3x3 systems)
Ch. 3, Book 1: Surds and exponents (surds, exponents, exponent laws, scientific notation)
Ch. 4, Book 1: Equations (power equations, null factor law, quadratic equations, completing the square, discriminant, sum and product of roots, solving equations using technology)
Ch. 5, Book 1: Sequences and series (sequences, arithmetic and geometric sequences, growth and decay, finantial math, series, arithmetice series, geometric series, infinite geometric serites).

Learning objectives:
Giving information about a line, writing its equations in different forms (gradient-intercept, point-gradient, general form) and graph it.
Finding the perpendicular bisector of a segment and understanding its properties
Solving 2x2 systems of linear equations by substitution and elimination

Applying row operations to solve systems of 2x2 and 3x3 linear equations
Recognising from the row reduced form whether the system has a unique solution, infinitely many solutions or no solution
Solving systems of equations with one or two parameters, and interpreting the result in terms of the parameter

Rationalizing the denominator, simplify expressions with surds
Applying exponent laws to simplify expressions (also rational exponents)
Converting to and from scientific notation

Solving power equations, applying the null factor law, different methods to solve quadratic equations (factorisation and NFL, quadratic formula, completing the square).
Looking at the discriminant to decide whether a quadratic equation has 2 real solutions (rational or not), a repeated solution (rational or not) or no solutions.
Deducing the relationship between the roots and coefficients of a quadratic equation. Applying this relationship to find new equations and to solve for parameters on the coefficients.
Using technology to solve equations: graphing and polynomial tools.

Deducing the pattern of a sequence. Deciding whether a sequence is arithmetic, geometric or neither. Recognizing and find terms of sequence given by a recursive formula (Fibonacci is an example).
Applying sequences to grow and decay problems.
Financial mathematics: compound interest, inflation, real value and depreciation: finding them or knowing them finding the initial value, or the time (use of calculator).
Finding the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic or geometric sequence, or of any sequence using a calculator. Using sigma notation.
Understanding the concept of an infinite series as a limiting process. Deciding whether an geometric series converges or not, and finding its sum when it does.

Concepts:
Approximation of an infinite sum
Change on the terms of a sequence
Equivalent forms of the equation of a line
Equivalent forms of a system of equations
Generalizing the method of elimination from 2x2 to 3x3 systems
Modelling with sequences (growth and decay, financial mathematics)
Pattern of a sequence or a series
Quantities expressed in scientific notation
Relationship between the roots and the coefficients of a quadratic equation
Representation of a sequence explicitely or recursively
Space as en extension of a plane, systems of 3x3 are intersections of planes but this will be clear when we work with vectors.
Systems of linear equations (with or without parameters)



TOK links:
we extend systems of equations from 2x2 to 3x3, and this has a geometrical interpretation (intersection of planes). What about 4x4? what does R^4, or R^n, represent? Can we understand those spaces, since we can mathematically work with them? Do those spaces exist, since we can mathematically work with them?

ATL links:
new class, so time to develop some social skills. Self-management to catch up with the starting point of the course, since the students come from different backgrouds, are used to different teaching rutines and different notations.
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 3, in class 20-09-2024
Assignment 4, at home 25-09-2024
Assignment 5, in class 04-10-2024
Test 01-11-2024
Omfang Estimeret: 20,00 moduler
Dækker over: 22 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 3 Geometry, part 1

Topics covered:
Review: Ch. 6, Book 1: Measurements (circles, arcs and sectors, area, surface area, volume, capacity)
Review: Ch. 7, Book 1: Right angle triangle trigonometry (trig. ratios, inverse trig. rations, problem solving, true bearings, angle between a line and a plane)
Review from Complex numbers: Ch. 8, Book 1: The unit circle and radian measure (radians, arc lenght and sector area, unit circle, multiples of pi/4 and pi/6, the Phytagorean identity, equation of a line).
Review: Ch.9, Book 1: Non-right angle triangle trigonometry (area of a triangle, sine law, cosine law, problem solving).
Review: Ch. 10, Book 1: Points in space (points, measurement, trigonometry).

Concepts:

Learning outcomes:

TOK links:
How has the availability of technology changed the way we teach and learn mathematics? (use of trigonometric tables - this really gives some historical perspective!, algebraic vs. trascendental functions)

ATL links:
thinking skills: most of this is review, but radians are new, and the unit circle is hard to understand.
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 6, at home 15-11-2024
Assignment 7, in class 22-11-2024
Assignment 8, at home 29-11-2024
Assignment 9, at home 06-12-2024
Omfang Estimeret: 8,00 moduler
Dækker over: 9 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 4 Functions, part 1

Ch. 14, Book 1: quadratic functions (graphs, discriminant, intersection of graphs, problem solving, optimisation, quadratic inequalities)
Ch. 15, Book 1: Functions (relations, notations, domain and range, rational functions, composite functions, inverse functions).
Ch. 6, Book 2: section D Rational functions.
Ch. 16, Book 1: Transformations (translations, stretches, reflections, the graph of the reciprocal).
Ch. 6, Book 2, sections B and C: the graph of y=(f(x))^2, absolute value functions.
Ch. 17, Book 1: Trigonometric functions (general sine and cosine functions, modelling and data, the tangent function, trig. equations).
Ch. 1, Book 2: Further trigonometry (reciprocal trig. functions, inverse trig. functions, double angle identities, compound angle identities)

TOK: How has the availability of technology changed the way we teach and learn mathematics? (algebraic vs. trascendental functions)

ATL: lots of algebraic work with functions, so focus on communication skills
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 10, in class 17-12-2024
Mid-term 17-01-2025
Assignment 11, in class 07-02-2025
Assignment 12, video assignment 24-02-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 32,00 moduler
Dækker over: 25 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 5 Probability, Part 1

Sets and Venn diagrams (Chapter 2) [most of it is review]
Sets, intersection and union, complement, examples and notation
Venn diagrams, problem solving

Probability (Chapter 11)
Experimental probability, tables
Theoretical probability: sample space, events, predictions,
The addition law, independent and dependent events
Conditional probability, Baye's theorem

TOK:  What role do models play in mathematics? Why  & when are models useful? Does math give us facts or interpretations?

ATL: communication and thinking (lots of words problems to discuss)
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 13, at home 07-03-2025
Test 3 14-03-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 8,00 moduler
Dækker over: 8 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 6 Counting and Proof

Chapter 7, Book 2: Counting
The product principle
The sum principle
Factorial notation
Permutation
Combinations

Chapter 8, Book 2, Sections A and B: The binomial Theorem
The binomial theorem for positive integers

Chapter 9, Book 2: Reasoning and proof
Logical connectives
Definitions
Proofs by deduction
Proofs by equivalence
Proofs by exhaustion
Proofs by contrapositive
Proofs by contradiction
Counter examples

Chapter 10, Book 2: Mathematical Induction
The principle of Mathematical Induction
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 14, in class 28-03-2025
Assignment 15, in class 08-04-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 12,00 moduler
Dækker over: 12 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 7 Back to functions

Reciprocal trigonometric functions
Double angle identities
Compound angle identities
Inverses of trigonometric functions
Indhold
Omfang Estimeret: 4,00 moduler
Dækker over: 4 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 8 Statistics

Sampling and data: errors in sampling and data collection, sampling methods, types of data, simple and grouped discrete data, continuous data.

Statistics: measures of center (mode, mean, median), frequency tables, grouped data, measures of spread: variance, standard deviation, IQR, five numbers summary, box and whisker plots, outliers, cummulative frequency graphs.
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 16, at home 02-05-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 8,00 moduler
Dækker over: 8 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 9 Functions, part 3: Exponential and logarithmic

Chapter 2, book 2: Exponential Functions
Exponential equations
Exponential functions
Growth and decay
The natural exponential

Chapter 2, book 3: Logarithms
Definition, base 10 and base e
Laws of logarithms
Logarithmic equations
Change of base
Logarithmic functions

TOK: Does mathematical knowledge change over time? what does this say about the "discovered versus invented" debate?  (history of logarithms)

ATL: thinking (the definition of e)
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 5,00 moduler
Dækker over: 5 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 10 Vectors, part 1.

Ch 12, Book 2 Math AA HL (Vectors): Vectors and scalars. Geometric operations with vectors. Vectors in 2D and 3D. Operations with coordinates. The magnitude of a vector. The vector between two points. Parallelism. The scalar product. The angle between two vectors;

Missing sections M and N (next year).

Ch. 13, Book 2 Math AA HL (Vector applications): Section A (Lines in 2D and 3D).
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 5,00 moduler
Dækker over: 5 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 11 Vectors, Part 2

Note: the first half of the topic was covered in June during the "extra classes"

Chapter 12 (Vectors):  the vector product

Chapter 13 (Vector applications): angles between lines, relationships between lines, planes, angles in space, intersecting planes.
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 1 in class 22-08-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 5,00 moduler
Dækker over: 8 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 12 Polynomials

Chapter 5, book 2: Real Polynomials
Polynomials and operations
Zeros, roots and factors
Equality
Division
The Remainder Theorem
The Factor Theorem
The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Sum and product of roots
Graphing polynomials of degree 3 and 4
Equations and inequalities

TOK: is mathematics a universal language? how does culture influence mathematics? Different methods to write long division of polynomials

ATL: thinking (one of the biggest theorems of the course), communication (most abstract parts)
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 3 in class 12-09-2025
Test 22-09-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 8,00 moduler
Dækker over: 8 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 13 Differential Calculus

Limits (Chapter 15)
Intuitive idea. The existence of limits. Limits at infinity, limits at a point, lateral limits, trigonometric limits. Continuity.

Introduction to Differential Calculus (Chapter 16)
Average rates of change. Instantaneous rate of change. The gradient of a tangent. The derivative function. Derivatives from First Principles. Derivatives of the sine and cosine functions. Continuity and differentiability.



TOK: who invented / discovered calculus?

ATL: focus on communication skills through work in groups (BTC)
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Assignment 4 in class work alone 02-10-2025
Assignment 5 in class 24-10-2025
Assignment 6, in class work alone 14-11-2025
Assignment 7, in class work alone 21-11-2025
Assignment 8, at home 01-12-2025
Omfang Estimeret: 22,00 moduler
Dækker over: 24 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer