Holdet 2024 BioHL - Undervisningsbeskrivelse
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Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Stamoplysninger til brug ved prøver til gymnasiale uddannelser
Termin(er) 2024/25
Institution Ikast-Brande Gymnasium
Fag og niveau Biologi -
Lærer(e) Karen Ronge Baktoft
Hold 2024 BioHL (1i BioHL)

Oversigt over gennemførte undervisningsforløb
Titel 1 Unit 1 Cells
Titel 2 Unit 2 Molecules
Titel 3 Unit 3 Membranes and their function
Titel 4 Unit 4 Metabolism
Titel 5 Unit 5 Plant biology
Titel 6 Unit 6 Ecology

Beskrivelse af de enkelte undervisningsforløb (1 skema for hvert forløb)
Titel 1 Unit 1 Cells

A2.2 Cell structure, pp. 49-87 (5H)
B2.3 Cell specialization, pp 256-272 (3H)
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization, pp. 244-255 (3H)

Guiding questions:
- What are the features common to all cells and the features that differ?
- How is microscopy used to investigate cell structure?
- What are the roles of stem cells in multicellular organizations?
- How are differentiated cells adapted to their  specialized functions?
- How are organelles in cells adapted to their functions?
- What are the advantages of compartmentalization in cells?

Linking questions:

- What explains the use of certain molecular building blocks in all living cells?
- What are the features of a compelling theory?
- What are the roles of stem cells in multicellular organisms?
- How are differentiated cells adapted to their specialized functions?
- What are examples of structure-function correlations at each level of biological organization
- What separation techniques are used by biologists?

Experiments:
- Using the microscope
- surface area to volume ratio

Mathematics
- surface area to volume ratios
- calculating magnification and actual size

TOK and methodology:
Inductive and deductive reasoning
Quantitative and qualitative data
Limitations to human senses - the microscope. What is it you see?
Models in biology - the cell.

ATL skills:
- Self-management skills - reading and taking notes
- Social skills - different seating plans and working together
Concepts:
- Unity and diversity
- Form and function

CAS: N/A

Learner Profile:
- Knowledgeable - practicing key concepts and sharing knowledge
- Thinkers - prep IA1 - design and data processing
Indhold
Kernestof:

Skriftligt arbejde:
Titel Afleveringsdato
Unit test 1 Cells 09-09-2024
Omfang Estimeret: 12,00 moduler
Dækker over: 12 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 2 Unit 2 Molecules

A1.1 Water, pp 2-13 (3H)
Unity and diversity—Molecules
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids, pp 181-204, (4H)
Form and function—Molecules
A1.2 Nucleic acids, pp. 14-33 (5H)
Unity and diversity—Molecules
B1.2 Proteins, pp. 205-222 (4H)
Form and function—Molecules

Guiding questions:
- What physical and chemical properties of water make it essential for life?
- What are the challenges and opportunities of water as a habitat?
- In what ways do variation in form allow diversity of function in carbohydrates and lipids?
- How do carbohydrates and lipids compare as energy storage compounds?
- How does the structure of nucleic acids allow hereditary information to be stored?
- How does the structure of DNA facilitate accurate replication?
- What is the relationship between amino acid sequence and the diversity in form and function of proteins?
- How are protein molecules affected by their chemical and physical environments?

Linking questions:
- What explains the use of certain molecular building blocks in all living cells?
- What are the features of a compelling theory?
- How can compounds synthesized by living organisms accumulate and become carbon sinks?
- What are the roles of oxidation and reduction in biological systems?
- What makes RNA more likely to have been the first genetic material, rather than DNA?
- How can polymerization result in emergent properties?
- How do abiotic factors influence the form of molecules?
- What is the relationship between the genome and the proteome of an organism?

Experiments:
- making models of DNA

Mathematics:

TOK and methodology:
- organizing knowledge - the biomolecules
- The SI system - measurement. What effect on knowledge does standardizing systems have?
- Picture number 51 - what are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge?
- The role of cooperation and competition in Science.
- Falsification - the Hershey and Chase experiment.
- Deductive versus inductive reasoning

Models:
- The water molecule
- digital models - visualization of proteins
- Watson and Crick´s model of DNA

ATL skills:
Research skills: The history of DNA

Concepts:
- unity and diversity
- form and function

CAS:
- Clean water of all - what can you do?

Learner profile:
- inquirer - exploring and designing
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 12,00 moduler
Dækker over: 12 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 3 Unit 3 Membranes and their function

B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport, pp. 223-243 (6H)
D2.3 Water potential, pp. 681-692 (4H)
A2.1 Origins of cells, pp. 34-48 (2H)
A2.3 Viruses. Pp- 88-101 (2H)

Guiding questions:
- How do molecules of lipid and protein assemble into biological membranes?
- What determines whether a substance can pass through a biological membrane?
- What physical and chemical properties of water make it essential for life?
- What are the challenges and opportunities of water as a habitat?
- What plausible hypothesis could account for the origin of life?
- What intermediate stages could there have been between non-living matter and the first living cells?
- How can viruses exist with so few genes?
- In what way do viruses vary?

Linking questions:
- What processes depend on active transport in biological systems?
- What are the roles of cell membranes in the interaction of a cell with its environment?
- What explains the use of certain molecular building blocks in all living cells?
- What are the features of a compelling theory?
- For what reasons is heredity an essential feature of living things?
- What is needed for structure to be able to evolve by natural selection?
- What mechanisms contribute to convergent evolution?
- To what extent is the history of life characterized by increasing complexity or simplicity?

Experiments:
- osmosis in potato sticks

Mathematics:
- calculate mass change in percent
- computer models - predicting pandemics

TOK and methodology:
- Cell theory and it´s exceptions - the role of theories in NS
- hypotheses - the Miller-Urey experiment (knowledge beyond the capability of NS)
- paradigm shifts - the DNA model, LUCA and RNA (informational and functional role)
- the protocell - what is the role of imagination and intuition in the creation of hypothesis in NS?
- the role of observation - inductive methods
- the role of models: DNA, plasma membranes (Davson-Danielli versus Singer Nicolson)

ATL skills:
- selfmanagement skills - note check, shared homework
- social skills - working collaborative

Concepts:
- Unity and diversity
- Form and function
- Continuity and change

CAS: N/A

Learner profile:
- Inquirers - exploring and designing, data collection and analysis, concluding and evaluating
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 16,00 moduler
Dækker over: 15 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 4 Unit 4 Metabolism

C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism, pp. 380-404 (5H)
C1.2 Cell respiration, pp. 405-424 (5H)
D1.1 DNA replication, pp. 602-614 (4H)
D1.2 Protein synthesis, pp. 615-636 (6H)


Guiding questions:
- In what ways do enzymes interact with other molecules?
- What are the interdependent components of metabolism?
- What are the roles of hydrogen and oxygen in the release of energy in cells?
- How is energy distributed and used inside cells?
- How is new DNA produced?
- How has knowledge of DNA replication enabled applications in biotechnology?
- How does a cell produce a sequence of amino acids from a sequence of DNA bases?
- How is the reliability of protein synthesis ensured?

Linking questions:
- What are examples of structure-function relationships in biological macromolecules?
- What biological processes depend on differences or changes in concentration?
- What are examples of structure-function relationships in biological macromolecules?
- What biological processes depend on differences or changes in concentration?
- How is genetic continuity ensured between generations?
- What biological mechanisms rely on directionality?
- How does the diversity of proteins produced contribute to the functioning of a cell?
- What biological processes depend on hydrogen bonding?

Experiments:
- models of lock-key and induced fit

Mathematics:
- processing uncertainties


TOK and methodology:
- ethics - the sharing of knowledge, e.g. lactose free milk

ATL skills:

Concepts:
- Continuity and change
- Interaction and interdependence

CAS:

Learner profile:
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 16,00 moduler
Dækker over: 21 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 5 Unit 5 Plant biology

C1.3 Photosynthesis, pp. 425-449 (6H)
B3.1 Gas exchange, pp 283-291 (2H)
B3.2 Transport, pp. 303-310, 321-325 (2H)
D3.1 Reproduction, pp. 702-709 (2H)

Guiding questions:
- How is energy from sunlight absorbed and used in photosynthesis?
- How do abiotic factors interact with photosynthesis?
- How are multicellular organisms adapted to carry out gas exchange?
- What are the similarities and differences in gas exchange between a flowering plant and a mammal?
- What adaptations facilitate transport of fluids in animals and plants?
- What are the differences and similarities between transport in animals and plants
- How does asexual or sexual reproduction exemplify themes of change or continuity?
- What changes within organisms are required for reproduction

Linking questions:
- What are the consequences of photosynthesis for ecosystems?
- What are the functions of pigments in living organisms?

Experiments:
- potometers - exploring and designing
- stomatal density
- paper chromatography
- thin layer chromatography
- measuring the rate of photosynthesis - directly and indirectly
- germination of seeds

TOK and methodology:
- the scientific method - control of variables
- drawing plan diagrams
- models of water transport
- quantitative data - reliability of data
- Important scientific breakthroughs - Calvin´s lollipop experiment

Mathematics:
- direct and inverse proportionality
- SI prefixes and units
- calculate Rf values for pigments

ATL skills:
- research skills - prep IA 3
- communication skills - lab reports and journals
- social skills - collaborating in sharing notes and working in collaboration space (OneNote)

Concepts:
- Form and function
- Interaction and interdependence
- Continuity and change

CAS:
- rewilding club - biodiversiy

Learner profile:
- knowledgeable
- reflective
- inquirers
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 12,00 moduler
Dækker over: 12 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 6 Unit 6 Ecology

C4.1 Populations and communities, pp. 548-577 (5H)
B4.2 Ecological niches, 363-379 (5H)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment, pp. 341-362 (3H)
C4.2 Transfers of energy and matter, 578-601 (5H)
D4.2 Stability and change, pp. 798-819 (6H)
D4.3 Climate change, pp. 820-837 (4H)

Guiding questions:
- How do interactions between organisms regulate sizes of component populations in a community?
- What interactions within a community make its populations interdependent?
- What are the advantages of specialized modes of nutrition to living organisms?
- How are the adaptations of a species related to its niche in an ecosystem?
- How are adaptations and habitats of species related?
- What causes the similarities between ecosystems within a terrestrial biome?
- What is the reason matter can be recycled in ecosystems but energy cannot?
- How is the energy that is lost by each group of organisms in an ecosystem replaced?
- What features of ecosystems allow stability over unlimited time periods?
- What changes caused by humans threaten the stability of ecosystems?
- What are the drivers of climate change?
- What are the impacts of climate change on ecosystems?

Linking questions:
- What are the benefits of models in studying biology?
- What factors can limit capacity in biological systems?
- What are the relative advantages of specificity and versatility?
- For each form of nutrition, what are the unique inputs, processes and outputs?
- What are the properties of the components of biological systems?
- Is light essential for life?
- What are the direct and indirect consequences of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
- How does the transformation of energy from one form to another make biological processes possible?
- What is the distinction between artificial and natural processes?
- Over what timescales do things change in different biological systems?
- What are the impacts of climate change at each level of biological organisation?
- What processes determine the distribution of organisms on Earth?

TOK and methodology:
- the use of models in science - the tolerance model
- systematics errors and bias
- measurements: sampling errors, uncertainties
- the role of mathematics in NS (data processing, statistical tests (chi-squared, t-test, One Way Anova)
- the role of theories in NS
- the problem of induction
- computer modelling - Connell´s experiment (competitive exclusion), computer simulations (climate models)
- global impact of science
- politics and science - climate change

ATL skills:
- Research skills - student presentations on key ecological concepts
- Communication skills - student presentations on key ecological concepts

Concepts:
- Form and function
- Interaction and interdependence
- Continuity and change

CAS:
- the lazy persons guide to saving the climate

Learner profile:
- inquirers - exploring and designing, collecting and processing data, concluding and evaluating
- thinkers
- communicators
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 25,00 moduler
Dækker over: 29 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer