Holdet p2 bi (2025/26) - Undervisningsbeskrivelse

menu

Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Stamoplysninger til brug ved prøver til gymnasiale uddannelser
Termin(er) 2025/26
Institution Hasseris Gymnasium
Fag og niveau Biologi -
Lærer(e) Dennis Walther Lauesen
Hold 2025 bi/p2 (p2 bi, p2 bi-øv)

Oversigt over gennemførte undervisningsforløb
Titel 1 FOOD - the what and why
Titel 2 Evolution is on fire
Titel 3 Build a baby (Genetics and sexology)
Titel 4 LIFE is all around me
Titel 5 Blood and breathing
Titel 6 Ecology

Beskrivelse af de enkelte undervisningsforløb (1 skema for hvert forløb)
Titel 1 FOOD - the what and why

The specific learning objectives and terms in focus:
The components of food with a particular focus on macronutrients (carbohydrates,
fats/lipids, proteins), and micronutriens (vitamins and minerals). We have looked at
different types of carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharide). Including both their
structure and function. In addition, there has been a focus on sustainable dishes that
contain the necessary nutrients for the body. Focus on enzymes and how
temperature and pH effect their activity. The molecules that it acts on (substrates)
and where it happens (the active site). The structure and function of the digestive
system and the absorption of different nutrients. Focus on blood sugar regulation,
including the hormones insulin and glucagon and their importance for regulation.

Core subject:
Macromolecules - overall structure and biological function of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins. Structure and function of a selected organ system (digestive system).
Enzymes: general structure and function
Collaborate to solve problems and plan together. Obtain and use biology-related
information from various sources. Perform simple experiments and studies in the
laboratory and in the field, taking safety into account. Analyze and discuss data from
experiments and studies, including scientific knowledge, sources of error and
uncertainty. Use technical concepts, technical language, relevant representations
and models to describe and explain observations and simple biological problems.
Express themselves verbally and in writing on biological topics and provide coherent
scientific explanations. Apply the subject's knowledge and methods to assess and
put into perspective in society, technological, environmental and ethical issues with
biological content.

Experimental work:
- Degradation of starch by amylasec (We used industrial enzyme Thermamyl)
- Blood sugar regulation (theoretical)
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 8,00 moduler
Dækker over: 10 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 2 Evolution is on fire

The specific learning objectives:
Basic evolutionary theory. Selection (sexual, natural, artificial), mutation, migration,
genetic drift and flow). Formation of new species. The biology and evolution behind
our skin color documentary, linking genetics with evolution.They should know that
genetic variation together with environmental change are the basis for all evolution,
and they should know about natural and sexual selection and explain the role of
mutation in variation, what causes mutations and thus fitness and adaptive features
in both the individual organism and the population over time. Other terms in focus:
Fitness (how well a organism is adapted), adaptation, population, environmental
changes, continuous (fx height, weight) and discontinuous (Tongue rolling, blood
type) variation, migration).
Core subject:
evolutionsbiologi: eksempler på evolutionsmekanismer
Process data from qualitative and quantitative experiments and studies and
document experimental work
appropriately. analyze and discuss data from experiments and studies, including
scientific knowledge, sources of error and uncertainty. demonstrate an
understanding of the connections between the various sub-areas of the subject.
apply the subject's knowledge and methods to assess and put into perspective
societal, technological, environmental and ethical issues with a biological content,
environmental and ethical issues with biological content, and to develop and assess
solutions.

Experimental work:
- Selection on Clippy Island
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: 3,00 moduler
Dækker over: 3 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 3 Build a baby (Genetics and sexology)

The specific learning objectives and terms:
Hormones in male and females, the sex hormones (Male: Testosterone, Female:
Estrogen and progesterone). In both sexes: FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and
LH (luteinising hormone) produced in hypothalamus (the brain).
Male secondary sexual characteristics: penis, testes, facial and body hair/pubic hair.
Female secondary sexual characteristics: breast, menstruation/periods, pubic hair,
hips widen.

Menstrual cycle and ovulation (release of a mature egg cell), follicle. Hormonal
positive feedback (only in women) and hormonal negative feedback (in men and
women).

DNA and the central dogma (protein synthesis - short). DNA-replication and the
genetic code. cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

Chromosomes, X- and Y chromosome (Sex chromosomes) and autosomal
chromosomes (pair 1-22), gametes and gene mutations. Genetics - models of
inheritance. Phenotype, genotype, genes, homologous, heterozygous, genome,
haploid and diploid cells, recessiv/dominant, alleles (the version of a gene).
Codominance - Blood types: Co-dominance AB0. Learn about presenting genetic
material with punnet square and pedigree. Types of pedigrees: autosomal dominant,
autosomal recessiv, sex-linked dominant and recessiv (shortly) .

Reproduction in humans and the reproductive system: Sexual, asexual, fertilization,
gonads (male and female). Birth controls/contraceptives (Condoms, ‘the pill’, mini
pills (gestagen only pills), a copper IUD, a hormone IUD, a diaphragm) and STD's
(sexually transmitted diseases. Herpes, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV and AIDS, HPV,
Chlamydia).
Groupdiscussion on consent.

Core subject:
Genetics and molecular biology: principles of inheritance, the central dogma and
mutation. Reproduction and hormonal regulation.

Apply the subject's knowledge and methods for positioning and perspective in
connection with societal, technological, environmental and ethical issues with
biological content. Analyze and discuss data from experiments and studies, including
professional knowledge, sources of error and uncertainty. Perform simple
experiments and studies in the laboratory and in the field, taking safety into account
̶ process data from qualitative and quantitative experiments and studies and
document experimental work appropriately.

Experimental work:
PTC (Who can taste the bitter substance?)
DNA in strawberries
Examination of monohybrid traits
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 11 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 4 LIFE is all around me

The specific learning objectives:
Microbiology and what affects the growth of microorganisms (primarily bacteria and
yeast). The aerobic/anaerobic respiration in yeast and how temperature affects the
process. Cell biology (the struture and function of procaryot and eucaryot).

Core subject:
Microbiology: growth and growth factors. Biochemical process: Fermentation
Use technical concepts, technical language, relevant representations and models to
describe and explain observations and simple biological problems. Perform simple
experiments and studies in the laboratory and in the field, taking safety into account.
Process data from qualitative and quantitative experiments and studies and
document experimental work appropriately. Analyze and discuss data from
experiments and studies. Express themselves both verbally and in writing on
biological topics and provide coherent scientific explanations.
Methods for positioning and perspective in connection with technological issues with
biological content.

Experimental work: microorganism on agar plates
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 2 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 5 Blood and breathing

This course focuses on anatomy and function of the circulatory system and the respiratory (breathing) system in mammals.
The students should be able to explain the structure and function of the respiratory and the circulatory systems.  The students should know the mechanics of breathing and circulation and be able to name the involved anatomical structures and their function correctly. The students should be able to distinguish different parts of the mammalian heart and lungs from each other. They should include which muscles are used in breathing, and which structures transport blood where and how.
The students should be able to measure vital kapacity and do simple calculations on  vital capacity.   
They should know that blood pressure is the highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins, which is why veins have valves, and they should know the structure and function of heart valves. The students should know that coronary arteries carry blood to the heart.

It is expected that the students know the following terms and are able to use them correctly: Ventilation, breathing, gas exchange, diffusion, inhalation, exhalation, respiratory surface, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, breathing rate, larynx, lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, heart rate, blood pressure, ventricle, atrium, atria, vena cave, aorta, arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillaries, coronary arteries


Experimental work:
- Measurements of vital capacity
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 5 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 6 Ecology

The specific learning objectives:
Energy in ecosystems. Photosynthesis, food chains, food webs (multiple food
chains), cellular respiration. Decomposition and matter cycles (Carbon).

Working with terms related to ecology: Population, habitat, niche,
abiotic and biotic factors, throphic levels, biomass pyramid, number pyramid,
herbivore, carnivore, predator (eats other animals), limiting factors for plant growth,
photosynthesis, external and internal structure of leaves (stomata, guard cells,
epidermis, palisade cells, mesophyll, spongy cells, xylem and phloem, chloroplasts).

Transpiration in plants. Uptake of nutrients and water by roots.
Reproduction in plants (sexual and asexual, natural methods (runners) and artificial (cuttings).
Pollination (wind- and insect) og gametes. Fertilisation, sead and fruit formation.
Germination and the conditions needed for it.)

Core subject:
Ecology: interactions between species and between species and their environment,
energy flows, Carbon-cyclus and biodiversity.

Apply the subject's knowledge and methods for positioning and perspective in
connection with societal, technological, environmental and ethical issues with
biological content. Analyze and discuss data from experiments and studies, including
scientific knowledge, sources of error and uncertainty. Perform simple experiments
and studies in the laboratory and in the field, taking safety into account. Process
data from qualitative and quantitative experiments and studies and document
experimental work appropriately.

Experimental work:
- Photosynthesis in the pondweed (BTB)
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 6 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer