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Titel
1
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Counting atoms
Structure 1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter.
Structure 1.1.
The composition of matter, the atomic theory, chemical symbols
Separation mixtures: filtration, crystallisation, distillation, evaporation, paper chromatography
Structures 1.1.2
States of matter. solids, liquids and gases. Changes of state (sublimation, deposition), endo- and exothermic processes.
Structure 1.1.3
Kelvin temperature scale, SI units.
Experiment: Purifying potassium nitrate - separation
Structure 1.4 Counting particles by mass: the mole
Structure 1.4.1
The mole: mol as SI unit, Avogadro's constant, amount of substance.
Structure 1.4.2-1.4.3
Relative molecular mass and molar mass: formula unit, hydrates, stoichiometric coefficient, molar mass.
Structure 1.4.4
Empirical formula, molecular formula and chemical analysis: percentage composition, destruction analysis, deducing empirical and molecular formulas of a compound.
Structure 1.4.5
Solutions and concentration: solvent, solutes, aqueaous solutions, concentrated, dilute solution. Molar concentration, molarity. Mass concentration, stock and standard solutions – dilution. Intro to spectrophotometry and calibration curves: absorbance, calibration curve, colorimetry.
Structure 1.4.6
Avogadro's law
Tools (1, 3)
Safety/integrity/measuring Tool 1 (308-317)
Exp technique: Separation Tool 1 (326-329)
Uncertainties/sig Fig/mean Tool 3 (355-362)
Solution/dilution Tools 1 (321-323)
Experiment: Empirical formula magnesium oxide
Experiment: Density and conc. of vinegar
Structure 1.5 Ideal gases
Structure 1.5.1
Assumptions of the ideal gas model: pressure – volume relationship, Boyle's law, pascal (Pa)
Structure 1.5.2
Real gasses vs ideal gases: ideal gas conditions, deviation from ideal gas.
Structure 1.5.3
The molar volume of an ideal gas: STP.
Structure 1.5.4
Pressure, volume, temperature and amount of an ideal gas: the combined gas law, ideal gas equation.
Experiments:
Lighter gas
Gas property simulation
Graphs, tables, mm. Tool 3 (pp. 363-385)
Stoichiometrics
Reactivity 2.1.1-2.1.5
Stoichiometry and the mole ratio, limiting reactants, theoretical yield and excess reactant, molar volume, chemical reactions in aqueous solutions: concentrations and volumes of solutions, molar concentration, titration. The percentage yield, the theoretical and experimental reaction yield. Atom economy, green chemistry.
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