Holdet 2w reC-engelsk (2025/26) - Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Undervisningsbeskrivelse

Stamoplysninger til brug ved prøver til gymnasiale uddannelser
Termin(er) 2025/26
Institution Rungsted Gymnasium
Fag og niveau Religion C
Lærer(e) Maria Ahmed
Hold 2025 reC/2w-engelsk (2w reC-engelsk)

Oversigt over gennemførte undervisningsforløb
Titel 1 Defining Religion
Titel 2 Christianity
Titel 3 Islam
Titel 4 Buddhism
Titel 5 Criticism of Religion

Beskrivelse af de enkelte undervisningsforløb (1 skema for hvert forløb)
Titel 1 Defining Religion

This introductory course examines the challenge of defining religion and introduces students to central concepts, phenomena, and methods within the academic study of religion. The course provides students with foundational knowledge and analytical tools that will be used throughout the study of different religions and religious traditions.

The course begins with the question: What is religion? Students are introduced to different ways of understanding and defining religion and discuss the strengths and limitations of various definitions. Religion is examined as both a system of beliefs and practices and as a cultural and social phenomenon.

A central focus of the course is the study of myths and rituals as core elements of religious traditions. Key concepts such as cosmos and chaos are introduced in order to examine how religions create meaning and structure in human existence.
The course also introduces etiological myths, which explain why the world is the way it is, as well as concepts such as mana, taboo, and animism.
Through the study of ritual practices, students analyze how rituals create community, mark transitions, and reinforce religious beliefs and values. The course emphasizes the interaction between myth and ritual and examines how religious symbols and actions contribute to meaning-making and identity formation.

Throughout the course, students are introduced to basic terminology and methods from the academic study of religion.
The course serves as a foundation for later work with specific world religions and provides students with the conceptual vocabulary necessary for analyzing religion in both historical and contemporary contexts.

Core Topics:

Definitions of religion
Religion as belief system and cultural phenomenon
Myths and types of myths
Cosmos and chaos
Mana and taboo
Animism
Rituals and types of rituals
Introduction to methods in the academic study of religion

Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

Discuss different ways of defining religion
Explain central concepts within the academic study of religion
Analyze myths and rituals using relevant terminology
Explain the significance of creation myths and etiological narratives
Discuss the relationship between cosmos, chaos, and religious worldview
Use basic methods and concepts from the academic study of religion

Materials:
Introductory pptx on myth, ritual, and religious concepts
Supplementary classroom materials and case studies on religion and ritual practices

Total sum of pp: App. 10 pp.
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 4 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 2 Christianity

This course introduces students to Christianity through close readings of central texts from both the Old and New Testament as well as an overview of the historical development of Christianity. The course focuses on key biblical narratives, core Christian beliefs, ethical teachings, and the historical evolution of Christianity from its Jewish origins to the Reformation and modern debates.

Students begin by examining foundational myths and narratives from the Old Testament including the Creation stories and the Fall of Man in Genesis. These texts are analyzed both as religious narratives and as myths that address fundamental human questions concerning creation, sin, suffering, and the relationship between humanity and God.

The course explores the relationship between Judaism and Christianity through topics such as Jewish Pesach and Christian Easter, as well as the concept of the Messiah. Students work with prophetic texts from the Old Testament alongside New Testament passages in order to understand how early Christianity interpreted Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish messianic expectations.

A central part of the course is devoted to Jesus’ teachings and significance. Students analyze selected parables, including the Parable of the Good Samaritan, and work with excerpts from the Sermon on the Mount to examine Christian ethics, morality, and ideals concerning compassion, forgiveness, and social responsibility. The Passion narrative and the events of Pentecost are studied as defining moments in the formation of Christianity and the early Christian community.

The course also introduces students to central Christian beliefs and practices, including the Creed and the Christian liturgical calendar. In addition, students gain insight into the historical development of Christianity, including the spread of Christianity, the division between denominations, and Martin Luther’s role in the Reformation.

Finally, the course addresses contemporary discussions within Christianity by examining debates about homosexuality and Christianity in the United States. Through this topic, students reflect on how biblical texts are interpreted differently in modern religious and cultural contexts.

Throughout the course, students apply methods and concepts from the academic study of religion, including textual analysis, historical contextualization, and interpretation of myths, symbols, and ethical teachings. Emphasis is placed on understanding Christianity as both a historical tradition and a living, diverse religion.

Core Topics
Creation myths and the Fall of Man
Judaism and Christianity: continuity and differences
Pesach and Christian Easter
The Messiah and messianic prophecies
Jesus’ life, teachings, and significance
Parables and Christian ethics
The Sermon on the Mount
The Passion of Christ and Pentecost
The Creed and the Christian calendar
The historical development of Christianity
Luther and the Reformation
Homosexuality and Christianity in contemporary debate

Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

Explain central narratives, beliefs, and concepts within Christianity
Analyze selected biblical texts from both the Old and New Testament
Discuss the relationship between Judaism and Christianity
Explain the significance of Jesus in Christian theology
Analyze Christian ethical teachings and their contemporary relevance
Account for major developments in the history of Christianity
Apply key concepts and methods from the academic study of religion
Materials

Biblical Texts and Sources

Creation and the Fall: Genesis chapters 1–3
The Parable of the Good Samaritan: Luke chapter 10, verses 25–37
Messiah and Messianic Prophecies:
Psalms chapter 2
Isaiah chapter 52, verse 13 – chapter 53
Daniel chapter 7, verses 13–15
John chapter 12, verses 20–50
The Decalogue: Exodus chapter 20, verses 1–17
Pentecost:
Acts chapter 2, verses 1–47
Genesis chapter 11, verses 1–9
The Sermon on the Mount: excerpts from Matthew chapters 5–7
Excerpts from the Synoptic Gospels:
Matthew chapter 21, verses 23–27
Mark chapter 11, verses 27–33
Luke chapter 20, verses 1–8
Genesis chapter 19 (Sodom and Gomorrah)


Text book: English translation of: Ahle, Andersen, Hvithamer, Jensen: Horisont — Grundbog i religion, Gyldendal, 2013. pp. 72-107.

Total sum of pp.: app. 70 pp.
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 14 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 3 Islam

This course offers an introduction to Islam with particular focus on the religion’s formative period and the development of Islamic belief and practice. Through the study of canonical texts from the Qur’an and Hadith literature, students gain insight into central Islamic concepts and the ideal way of life as understood within the Islamic tradition. The course combines historical, textual, and thematic approaches in order to provide students with both factual knowledge and analytical skills relevant to the academic study of religion.

The course begins with an examination of the historical context of Islam, including pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyya) and the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. Students work with the life of the Prophet Muhammad as both a historical and religious figure and explore how his life functions as a model for Muslims.

A central focus of the course is the Qur’an as revelation and sacred scripture. Students analyze selected Qur’anic passages dealing with revelation, memorization, and transmission of the Qur’an, as well as passages concerning eschatology and Judgement Day. Through textual analysis, students become familiar with Islamic conceptions of authority, ethics, and salvation.

The course further introduces the Five Pillars of Islam and examines how ritual practices contribute to individual identity and community formation within Islam. In addition, students discuss gender roles in Islam and explore how religious texts and traditions are interpreted differently across historical and contemporary contexts.

The concept of jihad is studied both in its spiritual and historical dimensions, allowing students to distinguish between internal, ethical struggle and political or military interpretations. The course also includes an introduction to Islamic mysticism (Sufism), where students examine mystical practices, spirituality, and the relationship between the individual believer and God.

Throughout the course, students apply key concepts and methods from the academic study of religion, including textual analysis, historical contextualization, and comparison of religious expressions. Emphasis is placed on understanding Islam as a diverse and dynamic religion rather than a monolithic tradition.

Core Topics
The historical development of Islam: from Jahiliyya to the present day
The life and significance of the Prophet Muhammad
The Qur’an as revelation and sacred text
The Five Pillars of Islam
Gender roles and interpretations within Islam
Jihad: spiritual and political dimensions
Eschatology and Judgement Day
Islamic mysticism and Sufism
Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

Account for central historical developments in early Islam
Explain key Islamic beliefs, practices, and concepts
Analyze and interpret selected Qur’anic texts
Discuss the significance of Muhammad in Islamic tradition
Reflect on diversity within Islam, including gender perspectives and mysticism
Apply relevant terminology and methods from the academic study of religion
Compare different interpretations and expressions of Islam
Materials

Horizon (Islam):

Text 1:
About the Qur’an
Surah 26, ayah 192–200
Surah 75, ayah 16–19
Surah 2, ayah 185
Text 4:
Excerpt about Judgement Day
Surah 45, ayah 23–35
Surah 69, ayah 13–17

Additional Material:

Interview with Llewelyn Vaughan-Lee on Sufism.

Text book: English translation of: Ahle, Andersen, Hvithamer, Jensen: Horisont — Grundbog i religion, Gyldendal, 2013, pp. 146-180

Total sum of pp.: app. 50 pp.
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 9 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 4 Buddhism

This course provides an introduction to Buddhism with focus on its worldview, central beliefs, practices, and historical development. Students are introduced to Buddhism as both a philosophical and religious tradition and explore how Buddhism has developed differently across cultures and historical periods. Particular emphasis is placed on Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana) and the role of Buddhism in a modern, secularized Western context.

The course begins with the life and legend of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, and examines how the Buddha narrative functions as both biography and religious model. Students gain insight into the historical origins of Buddhism in ancient India and the spread of Buddhist traditions throughout Asia and the Western world.

A central focus of the course is Buddhist cosmology and key concepts, including karma, samsara, nirvana, the Four Noble Truths, and dependent origination (the Twelve Linked Chain of Causation). Through textual analysis and class discussion, students explore Buddhist understandings of suffering, desire, rebirth, and liberation, as well as the practical and ethical implications of Buddhist teachings.

The course introduces the three main branches of Buddhism (Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana) and examines similarities and differences in doctrine, ritual, and religious practice. Special attention is given to Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana), including its rituals, symbolic universe, attitudes toward death, and concepts of enlightenment. Students work with excerpts from the Tibetan Book of the Dead and analyze the Tibetan sky burial ritual as an example of Buddhist perspectives on impermanence, rebirth, and the body.

The course also addresses Buddhism in the modern world and examines how Buddhist ideas and practices have been adapted in secular and Western contexts. Students discuss contemporary representations of Buddhism as a “religion of peace” and reflect critically on the relationship between religion, violence, identity, and globalization.

Throughout the course, students apply concepts and methods from the academic study of religion, including textual analysis, ritual analysis, and historical contextualization. Emphasis is placed on understanding Buddhism as a diverse and dynamic tradition shaped by both historical development and modern reinterpretation.

Core Topics
The life and legend of the Buddha
The historical development and spread of Buddhism
The three major branches of Buddhism:
Theravada
Mahayana
Vajrayana

Core Buddhist concepts:
Karma
Samsara
Nirvana
The Four Noble Truths
The Twelve Linked Chain of Causation
Buddhist ethics and worldview
Buddhist rituals and religious practices
Tibetan Buddhism/Vajrayana traditions
Death, rebirth, and the Tibetan sky burial ritual
Buddhism in the West and secular Buddhism
Buddhism, peace, and violence in modern debate

Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

Explain the historical origins and development of Buddhism
Account for central Buddhist beliefs, concepts, and practices
Compare the three major branches of Buddhism
Analyze Buddhist texts and rituals using relevant terminology
Explain the significance of the Buddha in Buddhist tradition
Discuss Buddhist understandings of suffering, rebirth, and liberation
Reflect on the role of Buddhism in modern and secular societies
Apply key concepts and methods from the academic study of religion
Materials

Primary and Secondary Sources

The Buddha Legend (Text 1 in Horizon, pp. 265–266)
Anna von Sperling: “Buddhism is not only a religion of peace”, Information, 29 May 2009
(Horizon, Text 7, pp. 273–275)
Excerpt from the Tibetan Book of the Dead
(http://www.onelittleangel.com/wisdom/quotes/book.asp?mc=471)
Analysis of a Tibetan Sky Burial
YouTube documentary on the life of a Buddhist monk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUp4jUMIy68

Text book: English translation of: Ahle, Andersen, Hvithamer, Jensen: Horisont — Grundbog i religion, Gyldendal, 2013, pp. 244-264

Total sum of pp.: app. 30 pp.
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 12 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer

Titel 5 Criticism of Religion

This short course introduces students to secular and scientific perspectives on religion in modern society. The course focuses on how religion has been understood, explained, and criticized within modern Western thought, particularly through the work of three classical theorists: Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Émile Durkheim. Together, these thinkers represent three influential approaches to religion; the economic, psychological, and sociological perspectives.

The course examines how religion can be understood not primarily as divine revelation, but as a human and social phenomenon shaped by historical, psychological, and societal conditions. Students are introduced to central concepts from each theorist and work with the question of why religion exists and what function it serves in society and for the individual.

Through the study of Karl Marx, students explore religion from a socio-economic perspective and examine the relationship between religion, ideology, class structures, and power. Religion is discussed as both a product of social inequality and a means of coping with suffering and alienation within capitalist society.

The course then turns to Sigmund Freud’s psychological interpretation of religion. Students analyze Freud’s understanding of religion as rooted in unconscious human needs, fear, dependency, and the desire for security. Particular attention is given to religion as illusion, wish fulfillment, and a response to existential anxiety.

Finally, students work with Émile Durkheim’s sociological theory of religion and examine how religion contributes to social cohesion, collective identity. Students analyze religion as a social institution that reflects and reinforces the values of a community.

Throughout the course, students compare the three theories and discuss both their similarities and differences. The course also encourages critical reflection on the role of religion in contemporary secular societies and whether the classical theories of religion remain relevant today.

The course emphasizes analytical and comparative approaches within the academic study of religion.


Core Topics
Religion in modern secular society
Classical secular theories of religion
Karl Marx and the economic critique of religion
Religion, ideology, alienation, and class
Sigmund Freud and the psychological explanation of religion
Religion as illusion and wish fulfillment
Émile Durkheim and the sociological understanding of religion
Religion and social cohesion
Comparative analysis of secular theories of religion
The relevance of classical theories in contemporary society

Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

Explain central secular theories of religion
Account for the main ideas of Marx, Freud, and Durkheim
Analyze religion from economic, psychological, and sociological perspectives
Compare similarities and differences between the three approaches
Apply relevant concepts and terminology from the academic study of religion
Reflect critically on the role and function of religion in modern society

Materials

Primary and Secondary Sources

Selected excerpt from Karl Marx on religion and ideology
Selected excerpt from Sigmund Freud on religion and psychology
Selected excerpt from Émile Durkheim on religion and society
Supplementary texts: Wikipedia articles on Marx, Freud, and Durkheim. Youtube videos explaining their theories, and a podcast on Marx' understanding of religion.


Total sum of pp.: app. 7 pp.
Indhold
Kernestof:
Omfang Estimeret: Ikke angivet
Dækker over: 6 moduler
Særlige fokuspunkter
Væsentligste arbejdsformer